Investigating the influence of alternative fuels on the properties of sand-bentonite liners

Investigating the influence of alternative fuels on the properties of sand-bentonite liners

Mousa Bani Baker, Adel Hanna, Maria Elektorowicz, Tahar Ayadat, Batool Al-Shorman

Abstract. Landfills are one of the most effective ways utilized to dispose the wastes and usable up today, most of their failures were suspected due to the failure of their protecting natural liners. Landfill liners failure is one of the most problematic issues that face engineers and expose governments, societies, and the environment to high costs. Protection of groundwater requires that natural landfill liner structure be able to reserve its properties in harsh conditions and over a long period. However, the composition of disposed of residuals might change in the following contemporary trends and it could contain alternative fuels and their impact on natural liners requires further investigations. This paper focuses on the changes in sand-bentonite liner due to the interaction and infiltration of hydrocarbon liquids (alternative fuels); biofuel and ethanol-fuel. In this investigation, an experimental program was carried out to examine the influence of chemical properties of alternative fuels on the hydraulic conductivity, erodibility, swelling potential and shrinkage behaviour of natural liners. Series of laboratory tests were conducted in 20 cm-high PVC columns to investigate the hydraulic conductivity of the liners, swelling behaviour of bentonite when subjected to water, biofuel or ethanol-fuel was assessed by oedometer tests, and shrinking behaviour and cracking patterns of samples taken from the PVC columns were examined employing digital photo analysis. The results can be useful in designing liners, barriers as well in assessing the behaviour of clayey soil in case of accidental spills or intentional discharges.

Keywords
Landfill, Sand-Bentonite Liner, Biofuel, Ethanol-Fuel, Hydraulic Conductivity, Performance

Published online 8/10/2023, 10 pages
Copyright © 2023 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA

Citation: Mousa Bani Baker, Adel Hanna, Maria Elektorowicz, Tahar Ayadat, Batool Al-Shorman, Investigating the influence of alternative fuels on the properties of sand-bentonite liners, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 31, pp 683-692, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902592-70

The article was published as article 70 of the book Advanced Topics in Mechanics of Materials, Structures and Construction

Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

References
[1] Chapuis R. P., (2002), “The 2000 R.M. Hardy Lecture: Full-scale hydraulic performance of soil-bentonite and compacted clay liners”. Canadian Geotech. J. 39: 417-439. https://doi.org/10.1139/t01-092
[2] Lee J.-M., Shackelford D., Benson H., Jo H.-Y., and Edil B., (2005), “Correlating index properties and hydraulic conductivity of geosynthetic clay liners”. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, November 131: 1319-1329. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:11(1319)
[3] Fernandez F., and Quigley R. M., (1985),” Hydraulic conductivity of natural clays permeated with simple liquid hydrocarbons”. Canadian Geotechnical Journal. 22: 205-214. https://doi.org/10.1139/t85-028
[4] Alawaji, H. (1999). Swell and compressibility characteristics of sand-bentonite mixtures inundated with liquids. Applied Clay Science, 15(3-4), 411-430. doi:10.1016/s0169-1317(99)00033-2. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1317(99)00033-2
[5] Katsumi T., Benson C. H., Foose G. J., and Kamon M., (2001), “Performance-based design of landfill liners”.Engineering Geology 60: 139-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00096-X
[6] Yang X. and Lo M. C., (2004), “Flow of Gasoline through Composite Liners”. Journal of Environmental Engineering ASCE, pp: 886-890. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2004)130:8(886)
[7] Amadi, A. A., & Eberemu, A. O. (2012). Delineation of compaction criteria for acceptable hydraulic conductivity of lateritic soil-bentonite mixtures designed as landfill liners. Environmental Earth Sciences, 67(4), 999-1006. doi:10.1007/s12665-012-1544-z https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-012-1544-z
[8] Srikanth, V., & Mishra, A. K. (2016). A Laboratory Study on the Geotechnical Characteristics of Sand-Bentonite Mixtures and the Role of Particle Size of Sand. International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering, 2(1). doi:10.1007/s40891-015-0043-1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40891-015-0043-1
[9] Ojuri, O.O. and Oluwatuyi, Opeyemi E. (2017) Strength and Hydraulic Conductivity Characteristics of Sand-Bentonite Mixtures Designed as a Landfill Liner. Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, 11 (4). pp. 614-622.
[10] Yamusa, B. Y., Kamarudin, A. ,& Norhan, A. (2017). Hydraulic Conductivity And Volumetric Shrinkage Properties Review On Gradation Effect Of Compacted Laterite Soil Liner. Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering 29 Special Issue (1):153-164
[11] Baroid Industrial Drilling Products Company (bentonite data sheet). (2008). Product Service Line, Halliburton 3000 N. Sam Houston Pkwy E. Houston, TX 77032.
[12] Marcotte D., Marron J.C., and Fafard M., (1994), “Washing of bentonite in laboratory hydraulic conductivity tests”. Journal of Environmental Engineering 120 (3): 691-698. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1994)120:3(691)
[13] Kaoser S., Barrington S., Elektorowicz M., and Ayadat T., (2006), “The influence of hydraulic gradient and rate of erosion on hydraulic conductivity of sand-bentonite mixtures”. Soil & Sediment Contamination, 15: 481-496. https://doi.org/10.1080/15320380600847815
[14] Bani Baker, M., Abendeh, R., Sharo, A., Hanna, A. Stabilization of Sandy Soils by Bentonite Clay Slurry at Laboratory Bench and Pilot Scales. Coatings/Functional Building Materials and Pavements Coatings, 2022, 12 (12). https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12121922
[15] Rabinovich Y. I., Esayanur M. S., and. Moudgil B. M., (2005), “Capillary Forces between Two Spheres with a Fixed Volume Liquid Bridge: Theory and Experiment”. Langmuir 2005, 21, pp: 10992-10997. https://doi.org/10.1021/la0517639
[16] Weise M., (1997), “The significance of clay-oil flocculation to oil biodegradation”.Department of Botany at the University of Toronto.Toronto-Ontario-Canada.
[17] Meyers A. and Oas G., (1978). “Comparison of associations of different hydrocarbons with clay particles in simulated seawater”.Environmental Science Technology. 12: 934-937. https://doi.org/10.1021/es60144a005
[18] Kirchhoff W., Brown S., and Scott A., (1978), “Sorption of hydrophobic pollutants on natural sediments”. Water Resources, l3: 241 -248. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(79)90201-X
[19] Bragg, J.R. and S.H. Yang, (1995), “Clay-oil flocculation and its role in natural cleansing in Prince William Sound following the Exxon Valdez oil spill”. “Exxon Vaidez oil spill: Fate and Effects in Alaskan waters, ASTM STP-1219.” Peter G. Wells, James. J. Butler, and Jane S. Hugues, Eds., American Society for Testing and . Materials. Philadelphia. (pp 178-214). https://doi.org/10.1520/STP19864S
[20] Bani Baker, M., Elektorowicz ,M., Hanna, A., (2018), Elctrokienetic Nondestructive In-situ Technique for Rehabilitation of Liners Damaged by Fuels, Journal of Hazardous Materials. Vol. 359. Pp. 510-515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.113
[21] Sharo, A.A., Khasawneh, M.A., Bani Baker, M., Al Tarawneh, D.M.Sonicated waves procedure effect on stabilizing expansive soil by nano-clay: Treat with cause. Frontiers in Built Environment, 2022, 8, 975993 https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2022.975993