A 3-year follow-up study on bone structure elastic quality

A 3-year follow-up study on bone structure elastic quality

Francesca Cosmi, Simona Gentile, Sergio Carrato

download PDF

Abstract. Osteoporosis is called a silent disease because bone fragility manifests itself to the patient only in an advanced state, through fracture and pain. Medical and industry leaders recognize that the current golden standard diagnostic method, densitometry, or Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA), may not always be sufficient to assess the patient’s real risk of fragility fracture [1]. Indeed, pathological alterations affect not only the mineral content (quantity) of the bone, but also its “quality”, which can be measured from the elastic properties of the bone internal trabecular structure by means of the Bone Elastic Structure Test, BES TEST®. In this study, the incidence of fragility fractures was assessed after a 3-year follow-up period in the women enrolled for a population study in 2015. The BES TEST® resulted an effective estimator of bone health, and can improve the assessment of the patient’s fracture risk map.

Keywords
Bone, Osteoporosis, Medical Devices, BES TEST®

Published online 3/17/2022, 6 pages
Copyright © 2023 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA

Citation: Francesca Cosmi, Simona Gentile, Sergio Carrato, A 3-year follow-up study on bone structure elastic quality, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 26, pp 275-280, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902431-45

The article was published as article 45 of the book Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

References
[1] Pasco, J. A. et al., The population burden of fractures originates in women with osteopenia, not osteoporosis, Osteoporosis International, 2006;17(9):1404-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-006-0135-9
[2] WHO Study Group Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Report of a WHO Study Group. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser, 1994, 843:1–129.
[3] Brear K., Currey J.D., Raines S., Smith K.J., Density and temperature effects on some mechanical properties of cancellous bone, Engineering in Medicine, 1988, 17, 163-167. https://doi.org/10.1243/EMED_JOUR_1988_017_043_02
[4] Borgström B. et al., Fragility fractures in Europe: burden, management and opportunities Arch Osteoporos, 2020, 15, 17(9), 1404-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-020-0706-y
[5] Tonti E., A Direct Discrete Formulation of Field Laws: The Cell Method, CMES 2001,1(1), 11-26.
[6] Cosmi F., Numerical Evaluation of Trabecular Bone Alterations, MCB, 2015, 201(12), 87-105.
[7] Cosmi F. et al., Osteoporosis risk factors and bone microstructure evaluation: a population breakdown, Mater Today-Proc, 2018, 5, 26772–26777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.08.150
[8] Cosmi F., Dal Maso A., Zatta G. 3D-printing for the precision assessment of a new medical device, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part C, 2021, 236, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062211003623
[9] Saviola G. et al., BES TEST analysis in patients with normal or osteopenic DEXA, Minerva Medica, 2019, 10, 597-9.
[10] Saracchini S. et al. BES TEST®: a new diagnostic opportunity for bone structure evaluation in oncology, 2019, The Breast, 44S1, S79–S142. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9776(19)30428-X
[11] Ferraro P et al. Evaluation of the Bone Elastic Structure in Persons with and without Chronic Kidney Disease on Dialysis, Dial. Transplant., 2021, 36S1 ,445. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfab096.003
[12] Umemneku Chikere CM et al. Diagnostic test evaluation methodology: A systematic review of methods employed to evaluate diagnostic tests in the absence of gold standard – An update. PLoS. ONE 2019, 14(10): e0223832. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223832
[13] Fawcet T., An introduction to ROC analysis. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 2006, 27, 861–874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2005.10.010
[14] ROC analysis: web-based calculator for ROC curves. Retrieved May 2022 from http://www.jrocfit.org