Evaluating material failure of AHSS using acoustic emission analysis

Evaluating material failure of AHSS using acoustic emission analysis

Eugen Stockburger, Hendrik Vogt, Hendrik Wester, Sven Hübner, Bernd-Arno Behrens

download PDF

Abstract. Driven by high energy prices and strict legal requirements on CO2 emissions, high-strength sheet steel materials are increasingly gaining importance in the automotive industry regarding electric vehicles and their battery range. Simulation-based design of forming processes can contribute to exploiting their high potential for lightweight design. However, previous studies show that numerical simulation with conventional forming limit curves does not always provide adequate prediction quality. Failure models that take the stress state into account represent an alternative prediction method for the shear-dominated failure, that frequently occur in high-strength steels during forming. The failure behaviour of the sheet materials can be determined by different specimen geometries for a wide range of stress states and by using an optical measurement system to record the local strain on the surface of the specimen at the location of failure. However, for many high-strength steels, critical damage or failure initiation already occurs inside the specimen. Therefore, a method is needed that allows detection of failure initiation at an early stage before the crack becomes visible on the surface of the specimen. One possible method is the use of acoustic emission analysis. By coupling it with an imaging technique, the critical strains leading to failure initiation inside the specimen can be determined. In the presented paper, butterfly tests are performed for a wide range of stress states and measured with an optical as well as an acoustical measurement system. The tests are analysed regarding the failure initiation using a mechanical, optical as well as acoustical evaluation method and compared with each other.

Keywords
Fracture Analysis, High Strength Steel, Acoustic Emission

Published online 3/17/2023, 8 pages
Copyright © 2023 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA

Citation: Eugen Stockburger, Hendrik Vogt, Hendrik Wester, Sven Hübner, Bernd-Arno Behrens, Evaluating material failure of AHSS using acoustic emission analysis, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 25, pp 379-386, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902417-47

The article was published as article 47 of the book Sheet Metal 2023

Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

References
[1] N. Fonstein, Dual-phase steels, in: Automotive steels – Design, Metallurgy, Processing and Applications, Elsevier, 2017, pp. 169–216.
[2] B.-A. Behrens, D. Rosenbusch, H. Wester, E. Stockburger, Material Characterization and Modeling for Finite Element Simulation of Press Hardening with AISI 420C, J. of Materi Eng and Perform 31 (2022) 825–832. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-06216-y
[3] B.-A. Behrens, K. Dröder, A. Hürkamp, M. Droß, H. Wester, E. Stockburger, Finite Element and Finite Volume Modelling of Friction Drilling HSLA Steel under Experimental Comparison, Materials 14 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14205997
[4] Y. Bai, T. Wierzbicki, Application of extended Mohr–Coulomb criterion to ductile fracture, Int J Fract 161 (2010) 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-009-9422-8
[5] E. Martinez-Gonzalez, I. Picas, D. Casellas, J. Romeu, Detection of crack nucleation and growth in tool steels using fracture tests and acoustic emission, Meccanica 50 (2015) 1155–1166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11012-013-9858-9
[6] B.-A. Behrens, S. Hübner, K. Wölki, Acoustic Emission – A promising and challenging technique for process monitoring in sheet metal forming, in: Journal of Manufacturin Processes, Volume 29, 2017, pp. 281–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2017.08.002
[7] G. Shen, L. Li, Z. Zhang, Z. Wu, Acoustic Emission Behavior of Titanium During Tensile Deformation, in: Advances in Acoustic Emission Technology, Springer, 2015, pp. 235–243. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1239-1_22
[8] T.V. Murav’ev, L.B. Zuev, Acoustic emission during the development of a Lüders band in a low-carbon steel, Tech. Phys. 53 (2008) 1094–1098. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063784208080203
[9] T. Chuluunbat, C. Lu, A. Kostryzhev, K. Tieu, Investigation of X70 line pipe steel fracture during single edge-notched tensile testing using acoustic emission monitoring, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 640 (2015) 471–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2015.06.030
[10] K. Panasiuk, L. Kyziol, K. Dudzik, G. Hajdukiewicz, Application of the Acoustic Emission Method and Kolmogorov-Sinai Metric Entropy in Determining the Yield Point in Aluminium Alloy, Materials 13 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13061386
[11] F. Piñal-Moctezuma, M. Delgado-Prieto, L. Romeral-Martínez, An acoustic emission activity detection method based on short-term waveform features: Application to metallic components under uniaxial tensile test, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 142 (2020) 106753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2020.106753
[12] J. Petit, G. Montay, M. François, Strain Localization in Mild (Low Carbon) Steel Observed by Acoustic Emission – ESPI Coupling during Tensile Test, Exp Mech 58 (2018) 743–758. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-018-0379-2
[13] R. Khamedi, A. Fallahi, A. Refahi Oskouei, Effect of martensite phase volume fraction on acoustic emission signals using wavelet packet analysis during tensile loading of dual phase steels, Materials & Design 31 (2010) 2752–2759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2010.01.019
[14] N. Pathak, J. Adrien, C. Butcher, E. Maire, M. Worswick, Experimental stress state-dependent void nucleation behavior for advanced high strength steels, Int. J. Mech. Sci. 179 (2020) 105661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2020.105661
[15] B.-A. Behrens, D. Rosenbusch, H. Wester, P. Althaus, Comparison of three different ductile damage models for deep drawing simulation of high-strength steels, IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 1238 (2022) 12021. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1238/1/012021