Chitosan-Halloysite Nano-Composite for Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

$30.00

Chitosan-Halloysite Nano-Composite for Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

Krishnapur M. Pragna, N. Sushma, K. Bhanu Revathi, K. Shinomol George

Repair mechanism maintains the integrity and function of damaged tissues. However, natural repair slows down with age and diseases. Generation of synthetic materials for tissue renewal adopts technique from molecular biology as well as structural and molecular engineering. Nanomaterials possess superior strength that outdoes the relative characteristics of conventional materials. Nano scaffolds along with growth factors used in organ regeneration; hasten wound healing process. Recently, halloysites nanotubes are replacing Carbon Nanotubes, and doping with chitosan enhances biocompatibility and mechanical strength; also lowering cytotoxicity. Thus, exploring economical and superior performance Halloysite Nanotubes incorporated into chitosan is essential in cost effective biomedical applications and regeneration of tissues.

Keywords
Chitosan, Halloysite, Scaffolds, Nanotechnology, Tissue Engineering

Published online 6/2/2022, 21 pages

Citation: Krishnapur M. Pragna, N. Sushma, K. Bhanu Revathi, K. Shinomol George, Chitosan-Halloysite Nano-Composite for Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering, Materials Research Foundations, Vol. 125, pp 103-123, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644901915-5

Part of the book on Advanced Applications of Micro and Nano Clay

References
[1] R Madonna, G Novo, CR Balistreri, Cellular and molecular basis of the imbalance between vascular damage and repair in ageing and age-related diseases: As biomarkers and targets for new treatments, Mech Ageing Dev. 159 (2016) 22-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mad.2016.03.005
[2] R. M Raftery, D.P Walsh, I. M. Castaño, A Heise, G. P. Duffy, S. A. Cryan, & F. J. O’Brien, Delivering Nucleic-Acid Based Nanomedicines on Biomaterial Scaffolds for Orthopedic Tissue Repair: Challenges, Progress and Future Perspectives, Adv Mater. 28 (2016) 5447-5469. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201505088
[3] ES Place, ND Evans, MM Stevens, Complexity in biomaterials for tissue engineering, Nature Mater. 8 (2009) 457-70. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2441
[4] PP Spicer, JD Kretlow, S Young, JA Jansen, FK Kasper, AG Mikos, Evaluation of bone regeneration using the rat critical size calvarial defect, Nat Protoc.7 (2012) 1918-1929. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2012.113
[5] M Okamoto. The role of scaffolds in tissue engineering,Mozafari, Masoud, Farshid Sefat, and Anthony Atala (Eds.) Handbook of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds: Volume One, Cambridge, England: Woodhead Publishing, 2019, pp. 23-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102563-5.00002-2
[6] JM Karp, R Langer, Development and therapeutic applications of advanced biomaterials, Curr Opin Biotechnol. 18 (2007) 454-459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2007.09.008
[7] R Langer, DA Tirrell, Designing materials for biology and medicine, Nature. 428 (2004) 487-492. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02388
[8] R Langer, JP Vacanti, Tissue engineering, Science. 260 (1993) 920-926. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.8493529
[9] Wang, Yao & Zhao, Qiang & Luo, Yiyang & Xu, Zejun & Zhang, He & Yang, Sheng & Wei, Yen & Jia, Xinru, A High Stiffness Bio-inspired Hydrogel from the Combination of Poly (amido amine) Dendrimer with DOPA. Chemical communications (Cambridge, England). 51 (2015) 16786-16789. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CC05643H
[10] A Atala, FK Kasper, AG Mikos, Engineering complex tissues, Sci Transl Med. 4 (160) (2012). https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3004890
[11] D Howard, L. D. Buttery, K. M. Shakesheff, &S. J. Roberts, Tissue engineering: strategies, stem cells and scaffolds, J Anat. 213 (2012) 66-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00878.x
[12] M. P. Nikolova &M. S. Chavali, Recent advances in biomaterials for 3D scaffolds: A review, BioactMater. 4 (2019) 271-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2019.10.005
[13]B P Chan and K W Leong, Scaffolding in tissue engineering: general approaches and tissue-specific considerations. European spine journal: official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society. 17 (2008)467-79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-008-0745-3
[14] DE Discher, P Janmey, YL Wang, Tissue cells feel and respond to the stiffness of their substrate, Science. 310 (2005) 1139-1143. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1116995
[15] AJ Engler, S Sen, HL Sweeney, DE Discher, Matrix elasticity directs stem cell lineage specification, Cell.126 (2006) 677-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.06.044
[16] K Alvarez,& H Nakajima,Metallic Scaffolds for BoneRegeneration, Materials. 2 (2009) 790-832. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma2030790
[17] F Matassi, A Botti, L Sirleo, C Carulli, & M Innocenti, Porous metal for orthopedics implants, Clin Cases MinerBone Metab. 10 (2013) 111-115.
[18] J. D. Bobyn, G. J. Stackpool,S. A. Hacking, M Tanzer,&J. J. Krygier, Characteristics of bone ingrowth and interface mechanics of a new porous tantalum biomaterial. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume, 81 (1999) 907-914. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.81B5.0810907
[19] Li, Z., Gu, X., Lou, S., &Y Zheng, The development of binary Mg-Ca alloys for use as biodegradable materials within bone. Biomaterials, 29 (2008) 1329-1344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.12.021
[20] Z.J. Wally, W. Van Grunsven, F. Claeyssens, R. Goodall, G.C. Reilly, Porous titanium for dental implant applications, Metals. 5 (2015) 1902-1920. https://doi.org/10.3390/met5041902
[21] Liu, FH, Synthesis of bioceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering by rapid prototyping technique, J Sol-Gel Sci Technol. 64 (2012) 704-710. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-012-2905-5
[22] H Zhou,J Lee, Nanoscale hydroxyapatite particles for bone tissue engineering, Acta Biomater. 7 (2011) 2769-2781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2011.03.019
[23] A. A Mirtchi,J. Lemaitre,N. Terao, Calcium phosphate cements: Study of the β-tricalcium phosphate-monocalcium phosphate system, Biomaterials 10 (1989) 475-480. https://doi.org/10.1016/0142-9612(89)90089-6
[24] L. L. Hench, The story of Bioglass®, J. Mater. Sci. 17 (2006) 967-978. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-006-0432-z
[25] W. Habraken, P. Habibovic, M. Epple, M. Bohner, Calcium phosphates in biomedical applications: materials for the future? Mater Today. 19 (2015) 69-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2015.10.008
[26] L. S. Nair and C. T. Laurencin,Biodegradable polymers as biomaterials,Progress in Polymer Science. 32 (2007) 762-798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2007.05.017
[27] I. V. Yannas, Classes of materials used in medicine: natural materials. B. D. Ratner, A. S. Hoffman, F. J. Schoen, and J. Lemons (Eds.) Biomaterials Science-An Introduction to Materials in Medicine,Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, Calif, USA, 2004, pp. 127-136.
[28] P. Gunatillake, R. Mayadunne, and R. Adhikari, Recent developments in biodegradable synthetic polymers,BiotechnolAnnu Rev. 12 (2006) 301-347. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-2656(06)12009-8
[29] P. X. Ma, Scaffolds for tissue fabrication. Mater Today, 7 (2004) 30-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-7021(04)00233-0
[30] LJ Chen, M Wang, Production and evaluation of biodegradable composites based on PHB-PHV copolymer,Biomaterials, 23 (2002) 2631-2639. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(01)00394-5
[31] W. He, T. Yong, Z.W. Ma, R. Inai, W.E. Teo, S. Ramakrishna, Biodegradable poly¬mer nanofiber mesh to maintain functions of endothelial cells, Tissue Eng 12 (2006) 2457-2466. https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.2006.12.2457
[32] A Gloria, R De Santis, &L Ambrosio, Polymer-based composite scaffolds for tissue engineering, J Appl BiomaterBiomech. 8 (2010) 57-67.
[33] H.W. Kim, J.C. Knowles, H.E. Kim, Hydroxyapatite/poly(epsilon)-caprolactone) com¬posite coating on hydroxyapatite porous bone scaffold for drug delivery, Biomaterials 25 (2004) 1279-1287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.07.003
[34] LM Montaser, SM Fawzy, NANO scaffolds and stem cell therapy in liver tissue engineering, SPIE 9550 (2015) 8. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2188342
[35] M.A. Meyers, A. Mishra, Benson, D.J, Mechanical properties of nanocrystalline materials, Prog. Mater. Sci. 51 (2006) 427-556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2005.08.003
[36] J.C. Martinez-Garcia,A. Serraïma-Ferrer, A Lopeandía-Fernández,M. Lattuada, J. Sapkota, J. Rodríguez-Viejo,A Generalized Approach for Evaluating the Mechanical Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites Reinforced with Spherical Fillers, Nanomaterials 11 (2021)830. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11040830
[37] M Goldberg, R Langer, XJia, Nanostructured materials for applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering, J Biomater Sci Polym Ed. 18(3) (2007) 241-268. https://doi.org/10.1163/156856207779996931
[38] R. Murugan, And S Ramakrishna, Development of Nanocomposites for Bone Grafting, Compos Sci Technol, 65 (2005) 2385-2406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.07.022
[39] PA Sharma, R Maheshwari, M Tekade, RK Tekade. Nanomaterial Based Approaches for the Diagnosis and Therapy of Cardiovascular Diseases, Curr Pharm Des. 21 (2015) 4465-4478. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612821666150910113031
[40] N Monteiro, A Martins, RL Reis, NM Neves, Nanoparticle-based bioactive agent release systems for bone and cartilage tissue engineering, Regen Ther. 1 (2015) 109-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reth.2015.05.004
[41] M. M.Silva, L.A. Cyster, J. J. Barry, X. B. Yang, R. O. Oreffo, D. M. Grant, C. A. Scotchford, S. M. Howdle, K. M. Shakesheff,&F. R. Rose,The effect of anisotropic architecture on cell and tissue infiltration into tissue engineering scaffolds, Biomaterials. 27 (2006) 5909-5917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.08.010
[42] D SundaramurthI, UM Krishnan, S Sethuraman, Electrospun nanofibers as scaffolds for skin tissue engineering, Polym Rev. 54 (2014) 348-376. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2014.881374
[43] Zhu, Caihong, Chengwei Wang, Ruihua Chen, and Changhai Ru., A Novel Composite and Suspended Nanofibrous Scaffold for Skin Tissue Engineering, EMBEC & NBC. (2017) 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5122-7_1
[44] ARD Bakhshayesh, E Mostafavi, Alizadeh, N Asadi, A Akbarzadeh, S Davaran, Fabrication of three-dimensional scaffolds based on nanobiomimetic collagen hybrid constructs for skin tissue engineering, ACS Omega.3 (2018) 8605-8611. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b01219
[45] J Rheinwald, H Green, Serial cultivation of strains of human epidermal keratinocytes in defined clonal and serum-free culture, J Invest Dermatol. 6 (1975) 331-342.
[46] A Ito, Y Takizawa, H Honda, K Hata, H Kagami, M Ueda&T Kobayashi,Tissue engineering using magnetite nanoparticles and magnetic force: heterotypic layers of cocultured hepatocytes and endothelial cells. Tissue Eng, 10 (2004) 833-840. https://doi.org/10.1089/1076327041348301
[47] A Ito, H Jitsunobu, Y Kawabe, M Kamihira. Construction of heterotypic cell sheets by magnetic force-based 3-D coculture of HepG2 and NIH3T3 cells, J Biosci Bioeng. 104 (2004) 371-378. https://doi.org/10.1263/jbb.104.371
[48] Pan, Su, Hongmei Yu, Xiao-Yu Yang, Xiaohong Yang, Y. Wang, Qin-yi Liu, Liliang Jin and Yudan Yang, Application of Nanomaterials in Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine of Orthopedic Surgery, J Nanomater (2017): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1985942
[49]K. Zhang, S. Wang, C. Zhou, L. Cheng, X. Gao,X. Xie, J. Sun, H. Wang, M. D. Weir, M. N. Reynolds, N. Zhang,Y. Bai&H. Xu,Advanced smart biomaterials and constructs for hard tissue engineering and regeneration, Bone research. 6 (2018) 31. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41413-018-0032-9
[50] Shirani, Keyvan, Mohammad Sadegh Nourbakhsh, and Mohammad Rafienia, Electrospun Polycaprolactone/Gelatin/Bioactive Glass Nanoscaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering, Int J Polym Mater. 68 (2019) 607-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/00914037.2018.1482461
[51] G Funda, S Taschieri, GA Bruno, E Grecchi, S Paolo, D Girolamo, MD Fabbro,Nanotechnology scaffolds for alveolar bone regeneration, Materials. 13 (2020) 201. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13010201
[52] M. Rinaudo,Chitin and chitosan: Properties and applications, Prog Polym Sci. 31 (2006) 603-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2006.06.001
[53] M. Koosha, M. Raoufi&H. Moravvej,One-pot reactiveelectrospinning of chitosan/PVA hydrogel nanofibers reinforced by halloysitenanotubes with enhanced fibroblast cell attachment for skin tissue regeneration, Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 179 (2019) 270-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.03.054
[54] V. Vergaro, E. Abdullayev, Y.M. Lvov, A. Zeitoun, R. Cingolani, R. Rinaldi, S. Leporatti, Cytocompatibility and uptake of halloysite clay nanotubes, Biomacromolecules. 11 (2010) 820-826. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm9014446
[55] Y. Luo&D. K. Mills, The Effect of Halloysite Addition on the Material Properties of Chitosan-Halloysite Hydrogel Composites, Gels (Basel,Switzerland). 5 (2019) 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels5030040
[56] Satish, Swathi & Tharmavaram, Maithri, Deepak, Halloysite nanotubes as a nature’s boon for biomedical applications, Nanobiomedicine. 6 (2019) 184954351986362. https://doi.org/10.1177/1849543519863625
[57] M. Liu, Y. Zhang, C. Wu, S. Xiong, C. Zhou, Chitosan/halloysite nanotubes bionanocomposites: structure, mechanical properties and biocompatibility, Int J Biol Macromol.51 (2012) 566-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.06.022
[58] X. Sun, Y. Zhang, H. Shen, & N. Jia, Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of horseradish peroxidase based on halloysite nanotubes/chitosan nanocomposite film, Electrochimica Acta. 56 (2010) 700-705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2010.09.095
[59] Liu, Mingxian, Chongchao Wu, Yanpeng Jiao, Sheng Xiong, and Changren Zhou, Chitosan-Halloysite Nanotubes Nanocomposite Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering, J Mater Chem B. 15 (2013) 2078-89. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3tb20084a
[60]E. A. Naumenko, I. D. Guryanov, R. Yendluri, Y. M. Lvov&R. F. Fakhrullin,Clay nanotube-biopolymer composite scaffolds for tissue engineering, Nanoscale. 8 (2016) 7257-7271. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6NR00641H
[61] G. Sandri, C. Aguzzi, S. Rossi, M. C. Bonferoni, G. Bruni, C. Boselli, A. I. Cornaglia, F. Riva, C. Viseras, C. Caramella&F. Ferrari,Halloysite and chitosan oligosaccharide nanocomposite for wound healing, Acta biomaterialia. 57 (2017) 216-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2017.05.032