New Polymeric Composite Materials, Chapter 7

$15.95

Polyacrylamide Grafted Alginic Acid Copolymer Based Programmable Adhesive

Rahul Rahul, Priti Rani, Dipti Thakur, Gautam Sen, Dhaneshwar Mahto

In this study, aqueous microwave assisted methodology was utilized to synthesize alginic acid grafted polyacrylamide. The synthesis was optimized by varying acrylamide and ceric ammonium nitrate concentrations in order to get an optimum failure shear load. The structural, thermal and physicochemical changes of alginic acid and its graft copolymers were ascertained with the aid of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), intrinsic viscosity measurement, number average molecular weight determination and elemental analysis (C, H, N & O). The applicability of the synthesized graft copolymer as programmable adhesive has been studied by fabricating a single lap joint of two wooden blocks using an aqueous paste of the graft copolymer as adhesive. After curing, the breaking point of the joint was determined using a universal testing machine (UTM).

Keywords
Alginic Acid, Adhesive, Microwave Assisted Synthesis, Graft Copolymer

Published online 11/1/2016, 17 pages

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781945291098-7

Part of New Polymeric Composite Materials

References
[1] P. Malkaj, E. Pierri, E. Dalas, The crystallization of hydroxyapatite in the presence of sodium alginate, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in medicine, 16 (2005) 733–737.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10856-005-2610-9
[2] H. Ertesvag, S. Valla, Biosynthesis and applications of alginates, Polymer Degradation Stability, 59 (1998) 85–91.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0141-3910(97)00179-1
[3] F.A. Johnson, D.Q.M. Craig, A.D. Mercer, Characterization of the block structure and molecular weight of sodium alginates, Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 49 (1997) 639–643.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1997.tb06085.x
[4] F.G. Fischer, H. Dörfel, Polyuronic acids in brown algae, Hoppe Seylers Z Physiological Chemistry, 302 (1955) 186–203.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bchm2.1955.302.1-2.186
[5] W.L. Nelson, L.H. Cretcher, The alginic acid from Macrocystis Pyrifera, Journal of American Chemical Society, 51 (1929) 1914–1922.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01381a045
[6] W.H. McNeely, D.J. Pettit, Algin, in: R.L. Whistler (Ed.), Industrial gums, Academic Press, New York, 1973, pp. 49–81.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-746252-3.50009-5
[7] K.I. Darget, O. Smidsrod, G. Skjàk-Bræk, Alginate from algae, in: A. Steinbüchel, & S.K. Rhee (Eds.), Polysaccharide and Polyamides in the food Industry, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Germany, 2005, pp. 1–30.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527600035.bpol6008
[8] R.L. Patrick, Treatise on adhesion and adhesives (Vol. 2), Marcel Dekker, New York, 1969.
[9] D. Wilson, H.D. Stenzenberger, P.M. Hergenrother, Polyimides, Chapman and Hall, New York, 1990.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9661-4
[10] G. Goud, R.N. Rao, The effect of alkali treatment on dielectric properties of Roystonearegia/epoxy composites, International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, 16 (2011) 239–250.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1023666X.2011.570039
[11] B. Siroka, J. Siroky, T. Bechtold, Application of ATR-FT-IR single-fiber analysis for the identification of a foreign polymer in textile matrix, International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, 16 (2011) 259–268.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1023666X.2011.570066
[12] A.J. Kinloch, Adhesion and adhesives, Science and technology, Chapman and Hall, London, 1987.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7764-9
[13] A.J. Kinloch, Adhesive in engineering, Proceedings of institution of mechanical engineering, Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 211 (1997) 307–335.
[14] Z.Y. Zhang, Z.Z. Dong, C.F. Xiao, Estimation of ethyl cellulose layer thickness of coated polyethylene oxide particles using differential scanning calorimetry, International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, 18 (2013) 25–29.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1023666X.2012.719115
[15] R.P.V Atluri, K.M. Rao, A.V.S.K.S. Gupta, Experimental investigation of mechanical properties of golden cane fiber-reinforced polyester composites, International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, 18 (2013)30–39.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1023666X.2013.745679
[16] A. Chandramohan, M. Alagar, Preparation and characterization of cyclohexyl moiety toughened POSS-reinforced epoxy nanocomposites, International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, 18 (2013) 73–81.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1023666X.2013.747253
[17] R. Rahul, S. Kumar, U. Jha, G. Sen, Cationic inulin: A plant based natural biopolymer for algal biomass harvesting, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 72 (2015) 868–874.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.09.039
[18] J. Zhao, C. Xiao, N. Xu, Surface and physical mechanical properties of polypropylene/poly(butyl methacrylate-co-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) blend fiber, International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, 17 (2012) 557–567.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1023666X.2012.704557
[19] S. Mallakpour, A. Zadehnazari, New organosoluble thermally stable and nanostructuredpoly(amide-imide)s with dopamine pendant groups: Microwave-assisted synthesis and characterization, International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, 17 (2012) 408–416.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1023666X.2012.669646
[20] N. Niimura, Structural study of a Japanese lacquer film with thermogravimetry-linked scan mass spectrometry, International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, 17 (2012) 540–546.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1023666X.2012.704560
[21] A.S Singha, V.K. Thakur, I.K. Mehta, A. Shama, A.J. Khanna, R.K. Rana, A.K. Rana, Surface modified Hibiscus sabdariffa fibers: Physicochemical, thermal and morphological properties evaluation, International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, 14 (2009) 695–711.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10236660903325518
[22] X. Ren, M. Soucek, Soya based coatings and adhesives, in: R.P. Brentin, (Ed.), Soy-based chemicals and materials, ACS, 2014, pp. 207–254.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2014-1178.ch010
[24] K. Ramanaiah, A.V. Ratnaprasad, K. Hema, C. Reddy, Thermal and mechanical properties of sansevieria green fiber reinforcement, International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, 16 (2011) 602–608.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1023666X.2011.622358
[25] V.K. Thakur, A.S. Singha, M.K. Thakur, Fabrication and physico-chemical properties of high-performance pine needles/green polymer composites, International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, 62 (2013) 226–230.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00914037.2011.641694
[26] S. Berdous, S.N. Amroun, M. Saidi, M. Bendaoud, Trapping effect on electrical behavior of polyester film: I. Unipolar injection, International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, 16 (2011) 416–430.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1023666X.2011.596648
[27] D. Dallinger, C.O. Kappe, Microwave-assisted synthesis in water as solvent. Chemical Review, 107 (2007) 2563–2591.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr0509410
[28] V. Polshettiwar, R.S. Varma, Aqueous microwave chemistry: Aclean and green synthetic tool for rapid drug discovery, Chemistry Society Review, 37 (2008) 1546–1557.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b716534j
[29] Z. Yang, B. Yuan, X. Huang, J. Zhou, J. Cai, H. Yang, Evaluation of the flocculation performance of carboxymethylchitosan-g-polyacrylamide, A novel amphoteric chemically bonded composite flocculant, Water Research, 46 (2012) 107–114.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.10.024
[30] A.K. Sarkar, N.R. Mandre, A.B. Panda, S. Pal, Amylopectin grafted with poly(acrylic acid): Development and application of a high performance flocculant, Carbohydrate Polymers, 95 (2013) 753–759.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.03.025
[31] R. Rahul, U. Jha, G. Sen, S. Mishra, A novel polymeric flocculant based on polyacrylamide grafted inulin: Aqueous microwave assisted synthesis, Carbohydrate Polymers, 99 (2014) 11–21.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.07.082
[32] C.R. Frihart, Adhesive bonding and performance testing of bonded wood products, Journal of ASTM International, 2 (2005) 1–7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/JAI12952