Palm Secondary Products as a Source of Organic Material for Compost Production: Applied Examples from Egypt
Mohamed Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed
download PDFAbstract. The increasing amounts of fruit pruning wastes in local societies of Egypt cause environmental problems closely related to human health. Its utilization as renewable materials has received a great attention in our present days and encouraged the use of it as an organic fertilizer. Composting these wastes not only reduces their weight and volume but also produces high-value-added products (compost). Manure is the most common organic and natural fertilizer form in our Egyptian rural Village. Due to the high cost of chemical fertilizers and the increase of organic fertilizers demand, it is necessary to use the local crop residues, “Palm Secondary Products” (PSP) as a basic (raw) material which contains 92.99% organic matter. Compost manufacturing provides successfully produce an organic fertilizer from available waste in each region which serves as both fertilizers and soil conditioners. In this study, we present Egyptian examples of the recycling of date palm pruning products mixed with other organic wastes in small scale (Faris rural village, Kom-Ombo, Aswan Governorate and Mandisha village, Baheria oases, Giza Governorate) and in large scale (Al-Kharga, New Valley Governorate).
Keywords
pruning products, composting, Date Palm Residues, Doum Palm residues
Published online 4/20/2019, 10 pages
Copyright © 2019 by the author(s)
Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC., Millersville PA, USA
Citation: Mohamed Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed, Palm Secondary Products as a Source of Organic Material for Compost Production: Applied Examples from Egypt, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 11, pp 150-158, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644900178-10
The article was published as article 10 of the book By-Products of Palm Trees and Their Applications
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
References
[1] FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization statistical database (FAOSTAT), Retrieved from http://faostat3.fao.org/, 2013.
[2] L.I. El-Juhany, Surveying of Lignocellulosic Agricultural Residues in Some Major Cities of Saudi Arabia; Research Bulletin No. 1-Agricultural Research Center, College of Agriculture, King Saud University: Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2001. https://doi.org/10.18006/2017.5(spl-1-safsaw).s136.s147
[3] FAOSTAT, Crop Production 2008, Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2009.
[4] M.M.A.H. Mohamed, An economic head to promote the production and marketing of dates in the New Valley Governorate: Ph.D Thesis, Assiut University – Faculty of Agriculture – Agricultural Economics, 2014.
[5] E.S. Setyawan, Charcoal Briquette Production in the Middle East: Perspectives, BioEnergy Consult, Powering Clean Energy Future, https://www.bioenergyconsult.com/tag/date-palm-biomass/, 2018.
[6] S.Y. Wong, S.S. Lin, Composts as soil supplement enhances plant growth and fruit quality of straw berry. Plant Nutrition, 25 (2002) 2243-2259. https://doi.org/10.1081/pln-120014073
[7] M.M.M. Ahmed, Composting of date palm residues to produce high value organic fertilizer, Conference titled “The role of scientific research in the development of small industries and the environment in the New Valley”, Al-Kharja. New Valley governorate, 2005.
[8] M.S.A. Safwat, Organic Farming of Date Palm and Recycling of Their Wastes, African Crop Science Conference Proceedings, 8 (2007) 2109-2111.
[9] O.A.M. Mahmoud, Composting of date palm wastes and its effect on soil productivity and some soil properties: M.Sc. Thesis, Botany Department, Fac. Of Agric, Assiut Univ., Egypt, 2010.
[10] M.W. Sadik, A.O. Al Ashhab, M.K. Zahran, F.M. Alsaqan, Composting mulch of date palm trees through microbial activator in Saudi Arabia, International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology 1 (2012) 156-161.
[11] M.M.M. Ahmed, Recycling of pruning products of date palm, doum palm and mango as a source of organic fertilizer, The 2nd International conference for Date Palm (ICDP), Al-Qassim Uni. Saudi Arabia, 2016.
[12] H. El-Mously, The final report “The improvement of environmental conditions and palm care and the economic use of its secondary products In the Baheria Oases”, 2016.
[13] Official Records at the Directorate of Agriculture, Markaz El Waadi El Gadid Governorate, 2013.
[14] N. Cordeiro, M.N. Belgacem, I.C. Torres, J.C.V.P. Moura, Chemical Composition and Pulping of Banana Pseudo-Stems. Industrial Crops and Products, 19 (2004) 147-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.09.001
[15] J.S. Han, J.S. Rowell, Chemical Composition of Fibers, In R. M. Rowell, R. A. Young, J. K. Rowell, (Ed.), Paper and Composites from Agro-Based Resources. United States: CRC Press, 1997, pp. 83- 134. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0144-8617(99)00096-x
[16] M. L. Jackson, Soil Chemical Analysis, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi, 1973, pp. 498.
[17] A.F. Navarro, J. Cegarra, A. Roig, D. Garcia, Relationships between organic matter and carbon contents of organic waste, Bioresource Technology, 44 (1993) 203-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-8524(93)90153-3
[18] A.L. Page, R.H. Miller, D.R. keeney, Methods of Soil Analysis П: Chemical and Microbiological Properties, American Society of Agronomy Inc. Bull., Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 1982.
[19] S.D. BAO, Soil Physical and Chemical Analysis, Chinese Agricultural Press: Beijing, 2000, pp. 67-127.
[20] H. El-Mously, The final report “Project of compost production of palm, mango and Doum residues”. 2012.
[21] M. A. Hubbe, M. Nazhad, C. Sánchez, Composting of lignocellulosics. BioResources, 5 (2010) 2808-2854.
[22] Official Records at the Directorate of Agriculture, Markaz El Waadi El Gadid Governorate, 2011.
[23] A. O. M. S. Sharifa, H.M. Talebb, The Date Palm and its Role in Reducing Soil Salinity and Global Warming, Blessed Tree, 2011.
[24] B. Luske, Composting as an emission reduction methodology and carbon footprint calculations of products, Reduced GHG emissions due to compost production and compost use in Egypt, Comparing two scenarios, Louis Bolk Instituut, 2010, pp. 30.
